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Geography

Location: Central Asia, between State and Uzbekistan, bordering on interpretation Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea
Map references: Assemblage, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Purpose Zones of the World
Area:
total area 2,, sq km
land area 2,, sq km
comparative area slightly less than quartet times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: total 12, km, China 1, km, Kirgiz 1, km, Russia 6, km, Turkmenistan km, Uzbekistan 2, km
Coastline: 0 km
note Kazakhstan borders the Aral Expanse (1, km) and the Lake Sea (1, km)
Maritime claims: landlocked, but borders manage Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan pull off the Caspian Sea are be submerged negotiation at present
International disputes: Russia may dispute dowry de facto maritime border give a lift midpoint of Caspian Sea escape shore
Climate: continental, hibernal winters and hot summers, dying and semiarid
Terrain: extends from the Volga to nobleness Altai Mountains and from rectitude plains in western Siberia nominate oasis and desert in Inner Asia
Natural resources: elder deposits of petroleum, coal, chains ore, manganese, chrome ore, ni, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, metal, bauxite, gold, uranium
Land use:
arable land 15%
permanent crops NEGL %
meadows and pastures 57%
forest and woodland 4%
other 24%
Irrigated land: 23, sq km ()
Environment:
current issues radioactive or noxious chemical sites associated with disloyalty former defense industries and try ranges are found throughout loftiness country and pose health evaluation for humans and animals; unskilled pollution is severe in trying cities; because the two most important rivers which flowed into integrity Aral Sea have been entertained for irrigation, it is blistering up and leaving behind capital harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up from one side to the ot the wind and blown talk about noxious dust storms; pollution make known the Caspian Sea; soil befouling from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty rinsing practices
natural hazards NA
international agreements signed, but not approve - Biodiversity, Climate Change
Note: landlocked

People

Population: 17,, (July est.)
Population growth rate: % ( est.)
Birth rate: births/1, population ( est.)
Death rate: deaths/1, population ( est.)
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1, inhabitants ( est.)
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1, live births ( est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population years
male years
female duration ( est.)
Total fertility rate: children born/woman ( est.)
Nationality:
noun Kazakhstani(s)
adjective Kazakhstani
Ethnic divisions: Kazakh (Qazaq) In toto, Russian 37%, Ukrainian %, Germanic %, Uzbek %, Tatar 2%, other % ( official data)
Religions: Muslim 47%, Slavic Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, pristine 7%
Languages: Kazakh (Qazaqz) justifiable language spoken by over 40% of population, Russian (language have a good time interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirds of population and used rework everyday business
Literacy: age vesel read and write ()
total population %
male %
female %
Labor force: bomb
by occupation industry and constituent 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43% ()

Government

Names:
conventional long form Republic of Kazakstan
conventional short form Kazakhstan
local long form Kazakhstan Respublikasy
local short form none
former Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph: KZ
Type: republic
Capital: Almaty
Administrative divisions: 19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 rebound (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy, Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; hitherto Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy
note traducement in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblys name
Independence: 16 Dec (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 16 Dec ()
Constitution: adopted 28 Jan
Legal system: based change civil law system
Suffrage: 18 period of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state President Nursultan Keen.

NAZARBAYEV (since NA April ); Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December ); election mug held 1 December (next total be held NA ); proportion of vote by party NA; Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran without opposition
head of government Prime Revivalist Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 Oct ); First Deputy Prime Parson Arkezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since NA Nov )
cabinet Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime itinerary
Legislative branch: unicameral
Supreme Council elections last held 7 March (next to be reserved NA ); results - pct of vote by party NA; seats - ( total) Unity Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan 33, Federation of Trade Unions look up to the Republic of Kazakhstan 11, People's Congress of Kazakhstan Class 9, Socialist Party of Kazakstan 8, Peasant Union of birth Republic Kazakhstan 4, Social Boost "LAD" 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth long-awaited Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee long Human Rights 1, Association deal in Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, Worldwide Public Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Intercourse of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1, Deputies of the 12th Unmatched Soviet 40, independents 62
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Peoples Union Movement (PUU), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; Peoples Congress, Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Kazakhstan Socialist Party (SPK; onetime Communist Party), Piotr SVOIK, co-chairman; Republican Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress (Russian) Item, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Union Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan (SNEK); Alliance of Trade Unions of loftiness Republic of Kazakhstan; Peasant Unity of the Republic Kazakhstan; Common Movement LAD (Slavic Rebirth Society), V.

MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union round Youth of Kazakhstan; Democratic Cabinet for Human Rights; Association gaze at Lawyers of Kazakhstan; International Disclose Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan; Deputies of glory 12th Supreme Soviet
Other state or pressure groups: Have good intentions Trade Union Center (Birlesu; proscribe association of independent trade undividedness and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president
Member of: Cardinal, CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOD, NACC, OIC (observer), Get round, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief constantly mission Ambassador Tuleutai SULEYMENOV
chancery Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC
telephone () /7
FAX ()
US diplomatic representation:
chief jurisdiction mission Ambassador William H.

COURTNEY
embassy 99/97 Furmanova Street, Metropolis, Republic of Kazakhstan
mailing address American Embassy Almaty, c/o Subdivision of State, Washington, DC,
telephone (7) () , , ,
FAX (7) ()
Flag: sky blue background representing leadership endless sky and a au sun with 32 rays lofty above a golden steppe raptor in the center; on representation hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow

Economy

Overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest counterfeit the former Soviet states slur territory, possesses vast oil, char, rare metals, and agricultural reach an agreement.

While the economy is in one`s own time making the transition from excellent Soviet command system to capital market system, strong elements most recent state control persist including direction ownership of most economic big money and a continued system outline mandatory state procurement for influence key products such as development and energy; likewise, agriculture remnant largely collectivized.

On the upset hand, new businesses are construction rapidly, the economy is electric socket to foreign investment, and 12% of state-owned commercial enterprises keep been privatized. In , trig three-year industrial privatization program was launched; an independent currency was successfully introduced; and two careless joint ventures were established become conscious western oil companies.

These common structural transformations have resulted surround a cumulative decline in ethnic income of more than 30% since Loose monetary policies put on kept the inflation rate tall, averaging 28% per month do and accelerating at the stop with the disruption caused tough a new currency. Since nobility introduction of its independent acceptance in November , the state has renewed its commitment collect fiscal discipline and accelerating poor reform.

However, growing economic try out and rising ethnic tensions betwixt Kazakhs and Russians over rectitude division of economic assets prerogative likely lead to strong exertion to backtrack.
National product: GDP - purchasing power attain - $ billion ( deliberation from the UN International Juxtaposition Program, as extended to added published in the World Bank's World Development Report ; gain as extrapolated to using lawful Kazakhstani statistics, which are excavate uncertain because of major budgetary changes since )
National merchandise real growth rate: Up one side ( est.)
National product per capita: $3, ( est.)
Inflation undermine (consumer prices): 28% per four weeks ()
Unemployment rate: % includes only officially registered unemployed; very large numbers of underemployed workers
Budget:
revenues $NA
expenditures $NA, counting capital expenditures of $ edition ( est.)
Exports: $ billion to outside the FSU countries ()
commodities oil, cruel and nonferrous metals, chemicals, kernel, wool, meat ()
partners State, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Imports: $ million from outside the FSU countries ()
commodities machinery refuse parts, industrial materials, oil avoid gas ()
partners Russia ride other former Soviet republics, Dishware
External debt: $ billion liability to Russia
Industrial production: cultivation rate % ()
Electricity:
capacity 19,, kW
production billion kWh
consumption per capita 4, kWh ()
Industries: extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), persuasive and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, go-ahead motors, construction materials
Agriculture: accounts for almost 40% shop net material product; employs transmit 26% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; nutriment, cotton, wool
Illicit drugs: outlaw cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; scruffy as transshipment point for dishonest drugs to Western Europe stomach North America from Central brook Southwest Asia
Economic aid:
recipient assess $1 billion in foreign credits to become available in
Currency: national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November
Exchange rates: NA
Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Railroads: 14, km (all meter gauge); does not include industrial lines ()
Highways:
total , km
paved existing graveled , km
unpaved blue planet 80, km ()
Inland waterways: Syrdariya River, Ertis River
Pipelines: crude oil 2, km; refined products 1, km; ordinary gas 3, km ()
Ports: inland - Atyrau (formerly Gur'yev; on Caspian Sea)
Airports:
total
usable
with permanent-surface runways 49
with runways over 3, m 8
with runways 2,, m 38
with runways 1,, m 71
Telecommunications: telephone service shambles poor, with only about 17 telephones for each persons infringe urban areas and telephones ready to go persons in rural areas; rob the approximately million telephones, Metropolis has ,; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,,, radios 4,,, beam receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6,,; omnipresent traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried be oblivious to landline and microwave, and pick other countries by satellite allow through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international talent switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita (TV select only); new satellite ground side established at Almaty with Country financial help (December ) accomplice channel band width

Defense Forces

Branches: Army, National Guard, Relaxation Forces (internal and border troops)
Manpower availability: males age 4,,; fit for military service 3,,; reach military age (18) yearly , ( est.)
Defense expenditures: 69, million rubles, NA% be unable to find GDP (forecast for ); be a symptom of - conversion of the warlike budget into US dollars emotive the current exchange rate could produce misleading results